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1980 Pulitzer series #1
Scientology brings 4 years of discord
-- by Charles Stafford
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It was this time four years ago -- this time of year when the old-time
religion celebrates the birth of a child -- that the new religion came to
Clearwater.
It came sneaking into town: a religion with beliefs and practices so
alien to the teachings of Jesus that are preached in Clearwater's Christian
churches, so different from the law of the prophets that is taught in the
city's synagogues.
This is the law of the God of Israel: Thou shalt not steal.
On Nov. 9, 1975 -- the Sabbath -- an agent of the new religion with the
code name "Silver" entered Internal Revenue Service (IRS) headquarters on
Constitution Avenue in Washington, and made his way to the office of
Charles Zuravin, an attorney in the disclosure division of the chief
counsel's office. "Silver" found the file he wanted and began copying
documents. When he left late that Sunday, he took with him a stack of
copies of confidential IRS documents one foot thick. That was theft.
This is the commandment of Jesus: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as
thyself.
On Dec. 5, 1975, the hierarchy of the new religion issued this
directive:
"Power Project 3: Normandy.
"Major Target: To fully investigate the Clearwater city and county area
so we can distinguish our friends from our enemies and handle as needed."
Neighborly?
This is the law of the God of Israel: Thou shalt not bear false witness
against thy neighbor.
On Jan. 26, 1976, a day when Scientology was still masquerading in
Clearwater as the United Churches of Florida, a church official named Joe
Lisa informed another church leader that he had devised a scheme to get
reporter Mark Sableman fired by the Clearwater Sun. This was his plan:
"Have a woman (elderly) go into the office and in grief and misemotion
(sic) start screaming she wants to see Sableman's boss. She goes in and
sees this man and screams and cries about Sableman sexually assaulting her
son, or grandson. The woman takes a magazine which is lurid and perverted
and throws it into the face of the man/woman and screams 'Look what he gave
my son, not to mention what the pervert did ... sob, sob, to my Johnny.'
I'm going to the police. If you can't do something about that pervert
Sableman I will see they do something to you."
Two days later citizens of Pinellas County learned that their new
neighbors in the Fort Harrison Hotel in Clearwater were practitioners of a
new religion, Scientology, founded just 29 years ago by a science fiction
writer named L. Ron Hubbard.
It was 19 months before the government of the United States discovered
that agents of the Church of Scientology had been systematically rifling
files of government agencies for more than two years.
Discovery of the true nature of Scientology began on July 8, 1977 -- to
Scientologists a day that will live in infamy -- when FBI agents pounded
down the doors of church offices in Los Angeles and Washington and carted
away 48,149 documents. Many of these were copies of government documents
that agents like "Silver" stole after infiltrating government agencies.
Others were files of private organizations, like the American Medical
Association and The St. Petersburg Times.
Still others were internal documents of the Church of Scientology, and
these would reveal myriad dark secrets.
But knowledge of what the documents contained came slowly to the
public.
On Aug. 15, 1978, a federal grand jury in Washington indicted 11
Scientologists, nine of whom held high positions in the church's Guardian
Office. That office had this mandate: "To sweep aside opposition
sufficiently to create a vacuum into which Scientology can expand." The
28-count indictment charged them with conspiring to steal government
documents, theft of government documents, and conspiring to obstruct
justice.
The 11 included Mary Sue Hubbard, world traveler, wife of the founder
of Scientology, and second-ranking officer of the church; Jane Kember of
England, the head of the worldwide church's Guardian Office, and these
other Scientologists: Morris "Mo" Budlong of England; Henning Heldt, Los
Angeles; Duke Snider (no relation to the baseball player), Hollywood,
Calif.; Richard Weigand, Van Nuys, Calif.; Gregory Willardson, Beverly
Hills, Calif.; Mitchell Hermann, also known as Mike Cooper, Hollywood,
Calif.; Cindy Raymond, Hollywood, Calif.; Gerald Bennett Wolfe, Areleta,
Calif., and Sharon Thomas, Los Angeles.
All were officials of the Guardian Office except Wolfe and Miss Thomas.
Wolfe was "Silver", the agent who infiltrated the IRS, while Miss Thomas
was the church's secret agent in the Justice Department.
On Aug. 29, 1978, nine of the indicted Scientologists stood before the
bench of U.S. District Judge George L. Hart Jr. in the federal courthouse
at the foot of Capitol Hill and pleaded innocent. Two were missing. Jane
Kember and Mo Budlong were in England.
For the next 14 months, a platoon of attorneys fought to prevent a
trial and to keep the seized documents from the public eye. They claimed
the FBI raids on church offices were illegal, that the search warrant was
too general. One U.S. District Court judge upheld their claim. But two
other District Court judges -- one in Washington and one in California --
rejected their claim. The Scientologists' appeals to higher courts also
failed.
Trial was scheduled for Sept. 24 in Washington before U.S. District
Judge Charles R. Richey. It did not begin. For two weeks attorneys for the
government and the Scientologists argued and bargained, and on Oct. 8 Judge
Richey ruled that an agreement had been reached.
As a result of that agreement, Mary Sue Hubbard and her eight
colleagues appeared before Judge Richey on Oct. 26. The team of prosecutors
headed by Assistant U.S. Attorney Raymond Banoun presented a written
statement of the government's case backed up by three folders of documents.
The defense attorneys stipulated that this was the evidence the government
would have presented had the case gone to trial. Judge Richey then found
the nine Scientologists guilty of one count each of the indictment.
This scenario left the defendants free to appeal. They will claim that
the convictions should be overturned because the evidence used against them
was seized illegally. But they will not claim they are innocent of plotting
to infiltrate government agencies and steal government documents. They
never have.
Having found the Scientologists guilty, Judge Richey lifted the seal
from the documents seized in the FBI raids. Six boxes were made public
before attorneys for the defendants and the church could appeal to the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. The appellate court upheld
Judge Richey and on Nov. 23, the day after Thanksgiving, the court began
releasing the remaining documents.
The number had been trimmed down. Certain documents seized in the raids
were returned to the church, apparently because they had no bearing on the
government's case. Others were removed to prevent injury to innocent people
mentioned in them.
But 20 boxes -- roughly half of the documents seized in the raids --
were made public.
Examining them is like seeing the dark side of the moon, or stepping
through a looking glass.
They were taken from church offices in Los Angeles and Washington. But
there is so much in them about Scientology's plans and programs for a quiet
city in Florida.
The documents reveal that the Church of Scientology came to Clearwater
with a written plan to establish its program headquarters -- its school of
theology, so to speak -- in the old Fort Harrison Hotel and to take control
of the city. They show that United Churches of Florida was created as a
front to protect church assets from seizure by the government.
They show that church officials conceived and carried out plots to
discredit their "enemies" -- the mayor who questioned their secrecy,
reporters who investigated and wrote about Scientology, editor and owner of
the area's largest newspaper, even local police departments.
They show that covert agents of the church took jobs with local
newspapers, community agencies, and law firms in order to spy.
They underscore what a spokesman for the Church of Scientology told a
group of Clearwater High School students recently: "We step on a lot of
toes. We don't turn the other cheek."
Government prosecutors, in a memorandum to Judge Richey urging maximum
sentences, delivered this judgment:
"That these defendants were willing to frame their critics to the point
of giving false testimony under oath against them and having them arrested
and indicted speaks legion for their disdain for the rule of law. Indeed,
they arrogantly placed themselves above the law, meting out their personal
brand of punishment to those 'guilty' of opposing their selfish aims.
"The crime committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope
previously unheard of. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from
their snooping and prying. No individual or organization was free from
their despicable conspiratorial minds. The tools of their trade were
miniature transmitters, lock picks, secret codes, forged credentials, and
any other device they found necessary to carry out their conspiratorial
schemes. It is interesting to note that the founder of their organization,
unindicted co-conspirator L. Ron Hubbard, wrote in his dictionary entitled
Modern Management Technology Defined ... that 'truth is what is true for
you.' Thus, with the founder's blessings they could wantonly commit perjury
as long as it was in the interest of Scientology. The defendants rewarded
criminal activities that ended in success and sternly rebuked those that
failed. The standards of human conduct embodied in such practices represent
no less than the absolute perversion of any known ethical value system.
"In view of this, it defies the imagination that these defendants have
the unmitigated audacity to seek to defend their actions in the name of
'religion.' That these defendants now attempt to hide behind the sacred
principles of freedom of religion, freedom of speech and the right to
privacy -- which principles they repeatedly demonstrated a willingness to
violate with impunity -- adds insult to the injuries which they have
inflicted on every element of society."
As he prepared to sentence Mary Sue Hubbard, Judge Richey told her that
"we have a precious system of government in the United States ... For
anyone to use the benefits of those laws or to seek under the guise of
those laws to destroy the very foundation of the government is totally
wrong and cannot be condoned by any responsible citizen."
The judge imposed maximum sentences on Mrs. Hubbard and two other
defendants: five years in prison and $10,000 fines -- though he said he
would reconsider Mrs. Hubbard's sentence after she has spent three months
in prison. He sentenced five other defendants to four years in prison and
$10,000 fines, and the remaining defendant to one year in prison -- six
months of it suspended -- and a $1,000 fine.
There, in capsule form, you have the story of Scientology since it came
to Clearwater four years ago. The details are intriguing, and they will
come. But first it is necessary to understand the creation of Scientology
and its creator.
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